#History of atrial flutter icd 10 mac#

In 2001, an international group of experts proposed the definition of AFLs as follows: AFL refers to the ECG aspect of a regular AT with a rate ≥240 beats/min lacking an isoelectric baseline between deflections. 5 The most type of AFL was called “common” if negative biphasic flutter waves with a sawtooth pattern were present in the inferior ECG leads, and preceding the positivity in V1 AFL was named “atypical” or “rare” if a sawtooth pattern was observed in the frontal plane but now best seen in lead I. In 1970, a classification of AFL was proposed by Puech and Grolleau based upon the ECG morphology. 4 The macroreentrant mechanism was later proven by detailed mapping in the operating room, the use of steerable multipolar catheters, transient tachycardia entrainment and systems that allowed sequential or simultaneous recording of a large number of endocardial points acquired during the arrhythmia.ĪFL classically refers to the ECG pattern of an undulating wave with no electrical silence in at least one lead of the surface ECG. Lewis was the first to explain the mechanism of this arrhythmia by a single-wave circus movement. 2 The first ECG recording of AFL (with characteristic sawtooth waves in the inferior leads) appeared 23 years later with Jolly and Ritchie, using the Cambridge model of Einthoven’s string galvanometer.

#History of atrial flutter icd 10 mac#

The term flutter was first used in 1887 by Mac William who described the visual phenomena resulting from “faradic stimulation of the auricles which sets them into a rapid flutter”. Definition and classification of CTI-dependent flutters A close follow-up of the patient will be suggested to detect the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). 1 Once the diagnosis of CTI-dependent AFL is made (mainly based upon the surface ECG), the therapeutic strategy is well standardized, and radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation (or with cryotherapy) may be performed with high success rate and low complications and recurrence rate. Our knowledge of CTI-dependent AFL has evolved from a relatively simple and unique electrocardiograph (ECG) pattern corresponding to a right atrial (RA) macroreentry to different forms of atrial tachycardias (ATs) propagating through the CTI (or even short-circuiting with epicardial connections). Since its first description more than a century ago, our understanding of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter (AFL) has significantly improved, using recent advanced ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) mapping systems.